Ethical Hacking Essentials Practice Test

Which malware category uses encryption to redeem control of the victim's files?

1. Spyware

2. Ransomware

3. Adware

4. Trojan horse

The correct answer is: Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that specifically employs encryption to take control of a victim's files. When a device is infected with ransomware, the malware encrypts files on the system, rendering them inaccessible to the user. The attacker then demands a ransom payment, often in cryptocurrency, in exchange for a decryption key that will restore access to the victim's files. This method effectively locks the user out of their data, creating a situation where they are pressured to comply with the demands to regain access. The usage of encryption is a critical aspect of ransomware, as it ensures that standard methods of file recovery are ineffective without the decryption key provided by the attacker. In contrast, other malware categories mentioned do not focus on encryption for control over a victim's files. Spyware aims to collect sensitive information without the user's consent, adware is primarily designed for advertising purposes and might track user behavior but does not encrypt files, and Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate software to trick users but do not inherently involve file encryption as a means of control.